Exposure, hazard, and vulnerability all contribute to Schistosoma haematobium re-infection in northern Senegal

The study find that hazard, as measured by the area of snail habitat in the water access point nearest a household, and vulnerability, in terms of surface water use and access to sanitation at the household level, contribute most to the acquisition of S. haematobium infections. In contrast, exposure, approximated by a self-reported categorical frequency of contact with surface water per week, and hazard contribute most to the accumulation of S. haematobium parasites in school-age children, and thus to infection intensity. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases